Midterm Review, The Context of W.E.B. Dubois Thoughts On The Status Of Blacks In The Early 1900s

Explain the context of W. E. B. Dubois’ thoughts on the status of African Americans in the early 20th century: 

“The problem of the color line is still with us.” -Dubois, p. 23
a. not working as hard was a form of resistance, p. 171
b. Dubois described John Brown’s behavior, p. 181
c. if blacks stopped working, the Confederacy would starve, p. 188
d. Dubois believed a “new capitalism” included “enslavement” and “bribery”, whites were also becoming slaves, p. 205
e. working through a Marxist lens, Dubois was more likely to think in economic terms as opposed to racial terms. He was concerned about exploitation by the “capitalist classes” as opposed to solely just exploitation by the white race of the black race.
f. “vast capital held a dictatorship over the ballot.”, p. 205
g. black workers made 1/3 of the earnings of white workers
h. Samuel Gompers, head of the AFL made speeches about “a belief in equal opportunity” while the Negro was excluded from most AFL unions
i. the Negro needs to think in terms of class relations: “The net result of all this has been to convince the American Negro that his greatest enemy is not the employer who robs him, but his fellow workingman.”(321) 
j. racism was practical for the AFL, the exclusion of women & foreigners was also practical
k. AFL officials drew large salaries and moved into high society
l. socialists, anarchists, and radical trade unionists formed the Industrial Workers of the World under Big Bill Haywood, a leader of the Western Federation of Miners
m. Eugene Debs, Mother Mary Jones-organizer for the United Mine Workers of America
n. Dubois, “Niagara Movement,” (1905)
o. “The Souls Of Black Folk,”
p. Dubois was a Socialist sympathizer
q. “We refuse to allow the impression to remain that the Negro-American assents to inferiority, is submissive under oppression and apologetic before insults. Through helplessness we may submit, but the voice of protest of ten million Americans must never cease to assail the ears of their fellows so long as America is unjust,”(340) 
r. 1910, a race riot in Springfield, Illiois prompted the formation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Dubois was the only black officer
s. the NAACP: focus on legal action & education 
t. “persistent manly agitation is the way to liberty,”(341)
u. Dubois said “Whence comes this new wealth? It comes primarily from the darker nations of the world-Asia and Africa, South & Central America, the West Indies, and the islands of the South Seas.”(354) 
v. “American capitalism needed international rivalry-and periodic war-to create an artificial community of interest between rich and poor, supplanting the general community of interest among the poor that showed itself in sporadic movements.”(354) 
w. “The Negro was not as anti-Communist as the white population.”(439)
y. “The black militant mood, flashing here and there in the thirties was reduced to a subsurface simmering during World War II, when the nation on the one hand denounced racism, and on the other hand maintained segregation in the armed forces and kept blacks in low paying jobs.” (44)